• Edward Buratto, Thomas Hu, Adrienne Lui, Damien M Wu, Yves d'Udekem, Christian P Brizard, and Igor E Konstantinov.
• Department of Cardiac Surgery, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Heart Research Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.
• J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 2021 May 1; 161 (5): 1594-1601.

ObjectivesComplete atrioventricular septal defect (cAVSD) repair is usually performed between 3 and 6 months of age. However, some children present with early heart failure requiring intervention. It is unclear whether primary complete repair or initial pulmonary artery banding (PAB) provides better outcomes.MethodsAll patients (n = 194) who underwent surgery for cAVSD younger than 3 months of age between 1990 and 2019 were included. Propensity score matching was performed on risk factors for mortality.ResultsPrimary complete repair was performed in 77.8% (151/194), whereas PAB was performed in 22.2% (43/194). Children who had PAB were younger (P < .01), had lower weight (P < .001), and less trisomy 21 (P = .04). Interstage mortality for PAB was 18.6% (8/43), whereas early mortality for primary repair was 3.3% (5/151). Survival at 20 years was 92.0% (95% confidence interval [CI], 85.6%-95.7%) for primary repair and 63.2% (95% CI, 42.5%-78.1%) for PAB (P < .001). There was no difference in left atrioventricular valve (LAVV) reoperation rates (P = .94). Propensity score matching produced 2 well-matched groups. Survival at 20 years was 94.2% (95% CI, 85.1%-98.8%) for primary repair, and 58.4% (95% CI, 33.5%-76.7%) for PAB (P = .001). There was no difference in LAVV reoperation rates (P = .71). Neonatal repair was achieved with no early deaths and 100% survival at 10 years.ConclusionsIn children younger than 3 months of age, complete repair of cAVSD is associated with better survival than PAB. Both strategies have similar rates of LAVV reoperation. Neonatal repair of cAVSD can be achieved with excellent results. Primary repair of cAVSD should be the preferred strategy in children younger than 3 months of age.Crown Copyright © 2020. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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