• Mohamed S El-Chimi, Hisham A Awad, Tarek M El-Gammasy, Ola G El-Farghali, Mohamed T Sallam, and Dina M Shinkar.
• a Department of Pediatrics , Neonatology Division, Children's Hospital, Ain Shams University , Cairo , Egypt , and.
• J. Matern. Fetal. Neonatal. Med. 2017 Jun 1; 30 (11): 1273-1278.

AimTo evaluate efficacy and safety of delivery room (DR) sustained lung inflation (SLI) in resuscitation of preterm neonates.MethodsRandomized Controlled Trial including 112 preterm infants randomized to either SLI (n = 57) using T-piece resuscitator [maximum three inflations with maximum pressure of 30 cmH2O for 15 s followed by continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) of 5-7 cmH2O] or conventional bag/mask inflation (CBMI) (n = 55) using traditional self-inflating bag (maximum pressure of 40 cmH2O at a rate of 40-60 per min). Failure was defined as the need for DR or first 72 h intubation. Cord and 2-h post-resuscitation blood samples were collected to measure interleukin (IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α levels before and after intervention.ResultsSLI was associated with significantly higher success rate compared to CBMI [75.4 versus 54.5%; p = 0.017], lower need for DR intubation [5.3% versus 23.6%; (X2 = 7.7; p = 0.005)], higher 5-min-Apgar score (median 8 versus 7; p = 0.018), shorter duration on nasal-CPAP (p = 0.017), and non-significantly different air leak (7% versus 11%; p = 0.3) and bronchopulmonary dysplasia rates among survivors (2% versus 11%; p = 0.09). Post-resuscitation IL-1β plasma levels increased significantly in CBMI (p = 0.009) and not in SLI group.ConclusionDelivery room SLI is more effective than intermittent bag and mask inflation for improving short-term respiratory outcome in preterm infants, without significant adverse effects.

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