• Chung-Chih Shih, Po-Chin Liang, Yueh-Hsun Chuang, Yi-Ju Huang, Pei-Jing Lin, and Chun-Yu Wu.
• From the Department of Anaesthesiology (C-CS, Y-HC, Y-JH, P-JL, C-YW) and Department of Medical Imaging, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC (P-CL).
• Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2020 Nov 1; 37 (11): 1025-1031.

BackgroundAtelectasis is common in patients undergoing prolonged deep sedation outside the operating theatre. High-flow nasal oxygen (HFNO) produces positive airway pressure which, hypothetically, should improve lung atelectasis, but this has not been investigated.ObjectiveWe investigated whether HFNO ameliorates postprocedural atelectasis and compared the influences of HFNO and facial oxygen by mask on postprocedural outcomes.DesignA single-blind, open-label single-institution randomised controlled trial.SettingA single university hospital, from February 2017 to July 2019.PatientsA total of 59 patients undergoing computed tomography (CT)-guided hepatic tumour radiofrequency ablation were randomly allocated to two groups.InterventionThese patients randomly received HFNO (oxygen flow 10 l min before sedation and 50 l min during the procedure) or a conventional oxygen face mask (oxygen flow 10 l min) during the procedure.Main Outcome MeasuresChanges in the area of lung atelectasis calculated on the basis of chest CT images and also recovery profiles were compared between the two groups.ResultsThe two groups had comparable procedural profiles, but the HFNO group exhibited less postprocedural atelectasis than the face mask group (median [IQR] 7.4 [3.9 to 11.4%] vs. 10.5 [7.2 to 14.6%]; P = 0.0313). However, the numbers of patients requiring oxygen supplementation in the recovery room and during transport from the recovery room to the ward did not differ significantly between groups (24.1 vs. 50.0%; P = 0.0596).ConclusionOur results suggested that HFNO ameliorates lung atelectasis after prolonged deep sedation in patients receiving CT-guided hepatic tumour radiofrequency ablation.Trial RegistrationClinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT03019354.

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