• W Perry Dickinson, Donald E Nease, Robert L Rhyne, Kyle E Knierim, Douglas H Fernald, Dionisia R de la Cerda, and L Miriam Dickinson.
• From the Department of Family Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (WPD, DEN, KEK, DHF, DRdlC, LMD); Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque (RLR). perry.dickinson@cuanschutz.edu.
• J Am Board Fam Med. 2020 Sep 1; 33 (5): 675686675-686.

PurposeTo improve cardiovascular care through supporting primary care practices' adoption of evidence-based guidelines.Study DesignA cluster randomized trial compared two approaches: (1) standard practice support (practice facilitation, practice assessment with feedback, health information technology assistance, and collaborative learning sessions) and (2) standard support plus patient engagement support.MethodsPrimary outcomes were cardiovascular clinical quality measures (CQMs) collected at baseline, 9 months, and 15 months. Implementation of the first 6 "Building Blocks of High-Performing Primary Care" was assessed by practice facilitators at baseline and 3, 6, and 9 months. CQMs from practices not involved in the study served as an external comparison.ResultsA total of 211 practices completed baseline surveys. There were no differences by study arm (odds ratio [95% confidence interval]) for aspirin use (1.03 [0.99, 1.06]), blood pressure (0.98 [0.95, 1.01]), cholesterol (0.96 [0.92, 1.00]), and smoking (1.01 [0.96, 1.07]); however, there were significant improvements over time in aspirin use (1.04 [1.01, 1.07]), cholesterol (1.05 [1.03, 1.08]), and smoking (1.03 [1.01, 1.06]), but not blood pressure (1.01 [0.998, 1.03]). Improvement in enrolled practices was greater than external comparison practices across all 4 measures (all P < .05). Implementation improved in both arms for Team-Based Care, Patient-Team Partnership, and Population Management, and improvement was greater in enhanced intervention practices (all P < .05). Leadership and Data-Driven Improvement (P < .05) improved significantly, with no difference by arm. A greater improvement in Building Block implementation was associated with a greater improvement in blood pressure measures (P < .05).ConclusionsPractice transformation support can assist practices with improving quality of care. Patient engagement in practice transformation can further enhance practices' implementation of aspects of new models of care.© Copyright 2020 by the American Board of Family Medicine.

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