• Jiajia Chen, Yingge Tong, Yan Cheng, Zihao Xue, and Miaomiao Liu.
• Medical College, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.
• Pain Med. 2020 Dec 25; 21 (12): 3270-3282.

ObjectivesThis study aimed to establish a quality indicator system for postoperative pain management and test its reliability, validity, and discrimination in China.MethodsWe established a quality indicator system using the Delphi method. Further, we designed and administered a survey questionnaire in the orthopedic departments of nine hospitals, located in the Zhejiang and Jiangsu Provinces, through purposive and convenience sampling methods to examine the reliability, validity, and discrimination of the quality indicator system.ResultsWe established a quality indicator system to assess structure, process, and outcome measures of postoperative pain management using three first-level, eight subordinate second-level, and 32 subordinate third-level quality indicators. The scale-level content validity indexes of the three sections of the questionnaire, assessing structure, process, and outcomes measures, were 0.99, 0.98, and 0.98, respectively. We identified two common factors from the third section that demonstrated a cumulative variance contribution rate of 80.38% and a Cronbach's α coefficient of 0.95. The total scores and scores of the structure, process, and outcome quality indicators demonstrated statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) between the wards (N = 4) that participated in the "Painless Orthopedics Ward" quality improvement program and those (N = 5) that did not.ConclusionsThis quality indicator system highlights the need for multidisciplinary cooperation and process characteristics of postoperative pain management, along with interdepartmental quality comparisons. And it demonstrates acceptable reliability, validity, and discrimination; thus it may be completely or partially employed in Chinese hospitals.© The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Academy of Pain Medicine. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

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