• Fang Shawn Foo, Martin K Stiles, Mildred Lee, Khang-Li Looi, Geoffrey C Clare, Matthew Webber, Dean Boddington, Rod Jackson, Katrina K Poppe, and Andrew J Kerr.
• Department of Cardiology, Middlemore Hospital, Otahuhu, Auckland, New Zealand.
• Intern Med J. 2022 Apr 1; 52 (4): 614-622.

BackgroundImplant rates for cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIED), including permanent pacemakers (PPM) and implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICD), have increased globally in recent decades.AimsThis is the first national study providing a contemporary analysis of national CIED implant trends by sex-specific age groups over an extended period.MethodsPatient characteristics and device type were identified for 10 years (2009-2018) using procedure coding in the National Minimum Datasets, which collects all New Zealand (NZ) public hospital admissions. CIED implant rates represent implants/million population.ResultsNew PPM implant rates increased by 4.6%/year (P < 0.001), increasing in all age groups except patients <40 years. Males received 60.1% of new PPM implants, with higher implant rates across all age groups compared with females. The annual increase in age-standardised implant rates was similar for males and females (3.4% vs 3.0%; P = 0.4). By 2018 the overall PPM implant rate was 538/million. New ICD implant rates increased by 4.2%/year (P < 0.001), increasing in all age groups except patients <40 and ≥ 80 years. Males received 78.1% of new ICD implants, with higher implant rates across all age groups compared to females. The annual increase in age-standardised implant rates was higher in males compared with females (3.5% vs 0.7%; P < 0.001). By 2018 the overall ICD implant rate was 144/million.ConclusionCIED implant rates have increased steadily in NZ over the past decade but remain low compared with international benchmarks. Males had substantially higher CIED implant rates compared with females, with a growing gender disparity in ICD implant rates.© 2020 Royal Australasian College of Physicians.

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