• Adriana Palacios-Campos, Alfonso Dueñas-González, Olga Gutiérrez-Hernández, and Myrna Candelaria-Hernández.
• Department of Clinical Research, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico.
• Rev Invest Clin. 2020 May 7; 73 (5).

BackgroundThe increasing survival of patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma has allowed the diagnosis of long-term com- plications, including late-onset hematological toxicity (LOHT), transitory cytopenias, or therapy-related myeloid neoplasm (t-MDS/t-AML).ObjectiveThe objective of the study was to determine the frequency and clinical evolution of LOHT in patients with lymphoproliferative malignancies.Materials And MethodsTwo cohorts of patients B-cell lymphomas were reviewed. Patients who achieved full hematologic recovery at the end of treatment, and thereafter developed any degree of cytopenia were included in the study. Clinical and biochemical parameters were compared between patients with and without cytopenias with X2 test. Bi-and multivariate analyses were performed to evaluate factors associated with the development of late-onset cytopenias.ResultsOf 758 patients enrolled, 19 developed cytopenias (2.5%). Transitory cytopenia was documented in 6 cases, 3 developed ICUS, 8 t-MDS, and 2 t-AML. In patients with FL, only hemoglobin < 12 g/dL (p = 0.032) and >6 nodal areas (p = 0.037) at diagnosis were factors statistically significant for the development of cytopenia. During cytopenias, 55% of patients died.ConclusionsLOHT constitutes a cause of morbidity and mortality in 2.5% of lymphoma patients treated with different therapy regimens.

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