• Manoj Kumar Karmakar, Miguel A Reina, Ranjith Kumar Sivakumar, Pornpatra Areeruk, Jatuporn Pakpirom, and Xavier Sala-Blanch.
• Department of Anesthesia and Intensice Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Faculty of Medicine, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China karmakar@cuhk.edu.hk.
• Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2021 Mar 1; 46 (3): 268-275.

AbstractThe popliteal sciatic nerve block is routinely used for anesthesia and analgesia during foot and ankle surgery. This article reviews our current understanding of the anatomy of the sciatic nerve and discusses how fascial tissue layers associated with the nerve may affect block outcomes . The anatomy of the sciatic nerve is more complex than previously described. The tibial and common peroneal nerves within the sciatic nerve trunk appear to be centrally separated by the Compton-Cruveilhier septum and encompassed by their own paraneural sheaths. This unique internal architecture of the sciatic nerve appears to promote proximal spread of local anesthetic to the internal aspect of the sciatic nerve trunk after a subparaneural injection at or below the divergence of the tibial and common peroneal nerves.© American Society of Regional Anesthesia & Pain Medicine 2021. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.

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