• Eun Jin Ahn, Hyo Jin Kim, Kyung Woo Kim, Hey Ran Choi, Hyun Kang, and Si Ra Bang.
• Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inje University Seoul Paik Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
• BMJ Open. 2019 Sep 9; 9 (9): e029245.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effects of anaesthesia on postoperative outcome in elderly patients who underwent hip fracture surgery.SettingNationwide National Health Insurance Sharing Service database of Korea.ParticipantsAll patients aged ≥65 years old who underwent hip fracture surgery, covered by the Korean National Health Insurance, between 1 January 2009 and 31 December 2015.InterventionsHip fracture surgery under general anaesthesia (group GA) or regional anaesthesia (group RA), with a principal diagnosis of femoral fracture.Primary And Secondary Outcome MeasuresThe primary outcome was the anaesthetic-type effect on 30-day mortality and the secondary outcome was postoperative delirium requiring pharmacological intervention.ResultsAmong the 96 289 patients who underwent hip fracture surgery, 25 593 and 70 696 patients received GA and RA, respectively. After propensity score matching, 25 593 remained in each group. Postmatching mortality was lower in the RA than in the GA group (574 (2.24%) vs 654 (2.55%), p=0·0047, 95% CI -0.0099 to 0.0159). Delirium incidence was lower in the RA than in the GA group (5187 (20.27%) vs 5828 (22.77%), p<0·0001, 95% CI 0.019 to 0.045). The incidence of intensive care unit stay and ventilator care was lower in the RA than in the GA group (5838 (22.1%) vs 8055 (31.47%), p<0·0001, 95% CI 0.046 to 0.070 and 459 (1.73%) vs 1207 (4.72%), p<0·0001, 95% CI -0.0024 to 0.023, respectively).ConclusionRA was associated with better outcomes than GA, in terms of mortality, delirium, intensive care unit admission and ventilator care, in elderly patients who underwent hip fracture surgery.© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2019. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.

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