• Karen J Coleman, Mark Dreskin, Daniel L Hackett, Alisa Aunskul, Jialuo Liu, Tracy M Imley, Amy L Wolfner, and Gabrielle F Beaubrun.
• Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California , 100 S. Los Robles, Pasadena, CA, 91104, USA. Karen.J.Coleman@kp.org.
• J Gen Intern Med. 2020 Nov 1; 35 (Suppl 2): 839-848.

BackgroundCollaborative models for depression have not been widely adopted throughout the USA, possibly because there are no successful roadmaps for implementing these types of models.ObjectiveTo provide such a roadmap through a case study of the institutionalization of a depression care management (DCM) initiative for adult depression in a large healthcare system serving over 300,000 adults with depression.DesignA retrospective observational program evaluation. Program evaluation results are presented for those patients enrolled in the initiative from January 1, 2015, to December 31, 2018.ParticipantsOver a 4-year period, 17,052 patients were treated in the DCM program. In general, participants were women (76%), were Hispanic (47%), spoke English (84%), and were 51.1 ± 18.3 years old, the majority of whom were 30-64 years old (57%).InterventionThe collaborative care portion of the DCM initiative (DCM program) was implemented by a collaborative care team containing a treatment specialist, an assessment specialist, administrative staff, a primary care physician, and a psychiatry physician.Main MeasuresThe main outcome measures were total score on the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Outcomes were improvement (defined as at least 50% reduction in symptoms) and remission (defined as a PHQ-9 less than 5) of depression symptoms. Follow-up of depression symptoms was also collected at 6 months following discharge.Key ResultsThe average course of treatment in 2018, after full implementation, was 4.6 ± 3.0 months; 62% of patients experienced improvement in symptoms, and 45% experienced remission of their depression at the time of discharge. These rates were maintained at the 6-month follow-up.ConclusionsCollaborative care for depression can be institutionalized in large healthcare systems and be sustained with a specific, detailed roadmap that includes workflows, training, treatment guidelines, and clear documentation standards that are linked to performance metrics. Extensive stakeholder engagement at every level is also critical for success.

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