• Malcolm N Hogg, Anthony Kavanagh, Michael J Farrell, and BurkeAnne L JALJ0000-0002-0109-2950The Australian Pain Society, North Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.Psychology Department, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.School of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Medical.
• Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Management, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
• Pain Med. 2021 Jun 4; 22 (6): 1367-1375.

ObjectiveTo provide an update on Australian persistent pain services (number, structure, funding, wait times, activity).MethodsAn updated national search was conducted. Of those identified, 74 persistent pain services provided detailed responses between July 2016 and February 2018 (64 adult, seven pediatric, two pelvic pain, and one cancer pain). A similar structure to the original Waiting in Pain (WIP) survey was used, and participants chose online or telephone completion.ResultsPediatric pain services had more than doubled but remained limited. Adult services had also increased, with a concurrent decrease in median wait times and an increase in the number of new referrals seen each year. Despite this, some lengthy wait times (≥3 years) persisted. Wait times were longest at clinics using public or combined funding models and offering pain management group programs (PMGPs). Although clinical activity had increased, medical staffing had not, suggesting that clinics were operating differently. Privately funded clinics performed more procedures than publicly funded services. Use of PMGPs had increased, but program structure remained diverse.ConclusionsSpecialist pain services have expanded since the original WIP survey, facilitating treatment access for many. However, wait time range suggested that the most disadvantaged individuals still experienced the longest wait times, often far exceeding the recommended 6-month maximum wait. More needs to be done. Numerous developments (e.g., National Strategic Action Plan for Pain Management, health system changes as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic) will continue to influence the delivery of pain services in Australia, and repeated analysis of service structures and wait times will optimize our health system response to the management of this condition.© The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Academy of Pain Medicine. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

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