• Yu Ruan, Bei Ye, and Xiaodong Zhao.
• From the Division of Immunology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China.
• Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. 2013 Oct 1; 32 (10): e397-402.

BackgroundKawasaki syndrome (KS) is the leading cause of acquired heart disease in childhood in developed countries. This study was designed to identify the clinical characteristics of a large cohort of KS in China and explore the risk factors for coronary artery lesions.MethodsClinical records of 1370 patients with acute KS were retrospectively reviewed. The clinical features of different age groups were analyzed, and a multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the risk factors for coronary artery lesions caused by KS.ResultsThe prevalence of redness at a Bacille Calmette-Guèrin inoculation site was greatest in infants younger than 6 months (18.4%), whereas cervical lymphadenopathy was more frequent in patients older than 60 months (61.5%). Age, sex, therapeutic time, intravenous immunoglobulin dose, platelet count and erythrocyte sedimentation rate were risk factors for coronary artery lesions (P < 0.05). A total fever duration >10 days was a risk factor for coronary artery aneurysms in patients with coronary artery lesions (P < 0.05).ConclusionsKS occurs more frequently in children younger than 5 years, in boys and during the summer months. Redness at a Bacille Calmette-Guèrin inoculation site signals the diagnosis of incomplete KS in infants and young children. Male gender, younger age, intravenous immunoglobulin dose, delayed administration (>10 days), high platelet level and elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate are predictive for coronary artery lesions, and total fever duration (>10 days) is predictive for coronary artery aneurysms in patients with coronary artery lesions.

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