• Nezam Afdhal, K Rajender Reddy, David R Nelson, Eric Lawitz, Stuart C Gordon, Eugene Schiff, Ronald Nahass, Reem Ghalib, Norman Gitlin, Robert Herring, Jacob Lalezari, Ziad H Younes, Paul J Pockros, Adrian M Di Bisceglie, Sanjeev Arora, G Mani Subramanian, Yanni Zhu, Hadas Dvory-Sobol, Jenny C Yang, Phillip S Pang, William T Symonds, John G McHutchison, Andrew J Muir, Mark Sulkowski, Paul Kwo, and ION-2 Investigators.
• From Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (N.A.); University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (K.R.R.); University of Florida, Gainesville (D.R.N.); Texas Liver Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio (E.L.), and the North Texas Research Institute, Arlington (R.G.) - both in Texas; Henry Ford Health Systems, Detroit (S.C.G.); Center for Liver Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (E.S.); ID Care, Hillsborough, NJ (R.N.); Atlanta Gastroenterology Associates, Atlanta (N.G.); Quality Medical Research, Nashville (R.H.), and Gastro One, Germantown (Z.H.Y.) - both in Tennessee; Quest Clinical Research, San Francisco (J.L.), Scripps Clinic, La Jolla (P.J.P.), and Gilead Sciences, Foster City (G.M.S., Y.Z., H.D.-S., J.C.Y., P.S.P., W.T.S., J.G.M.) - all in California; Saint Louis University, St. Louis (A.M.D.); University of New Mexico, Albuquerque (S.A.); Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (A.J.M.); Johns Hopkins Medical Center, Baltimore (M.S.); and Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (P.K.).
• N. Engl. J. Med. 2014 Apr 17; 370 (16): 1483-93.

BackgroundEffective treatment for hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 1 infection in patients who have not had a sustained virologic response to prior interferon-based therapy represents an unmet medical need.MethodsWe conducted a phase 3, randomized, open-label study involving patients infected with HCV genotype 1 who had not had a sustained virologic response after treatment with peginterferon and ribavirin, with or without a protease inhibitor. Patients were randomly assigned to receive the NS5A inhibitor ledipasvir and the nucleotide polymerase inhibitor sofosbuvir in a once-daily, fixed-dose combination tablet for 12 weeks, ledipasvir-sofosbuvir plus ribavirin for 12 weeks, ledipasvir-sofosbuvir for 24 weeks, or ledipasvir-sofosbuvir plus ribavirin for 24 weeks. The primary end point was a sustained virologic response at 12 weeks after the end of therapy.ResultsAmong the 440 patients who underwent randomization and were treated, 20% had cirrhosis and 79% had HCV genotype 1a infection. The rates of sustained virologic response were high in all treatment groups: 94% (95% confidence interval [CI], 87 to 97) in the group that received 12 weeks of ledipasvir-sofosbuvir; 96% (95% CI, 91 to 99) in the group that received 12 weeks of ledipasvir-sofosbuvir and ribavirin; 99% (95% CI, 95 to 100) in the group that received 24 weeks of ledipasvir-sofosbuvir; and 99% (95% CI, 95 to 100) in the group that received 24 weeks of ledipasvir-sofosbuvir and ribavirin. No patient discontinued treatment owing to an adverse event. The most common adverse events were fatigue, headache, and nausea.ConclusionsTreatment with a once-daily, single-tablet regimen of ledipasvir and sofosbuvir resulted in high rates of sustained virologic response among patients with HCV genotype 1 infection who had not had a sustained virologic response to prior interferon-based treatment. (Funded by Gilead Sciences; ION-2 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01768286.).

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