• Intensive care medicine · Aug 2004

    Variation of infected cell count in bronchoalveolar lavage and timing of ventilator-associated pneumonia.

    • Hervé Dupont, Viviane Chalhoub, Gaëtan Plantefève, Cyrille De Vaumas, Nathalie Kermarrec, Catherine Paugam-Burtz, and Jean Mantz.
    • Réanimation Chirurgicale, Groupe Hospitalier Bichat Claude Bernard, 46 rue Henri Huchard, 75877 Paris Cedex, France. dupont.herve@chu-amiens.fr
    • Intensive Care Med. 2004 Aug 1; 30 (8): 1557-63.

    ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the accuracy of the percentage of infected cells (%IC) in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) for ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) diagnosis according to its onset from the initiation of mechanical ventilation.PatientsOne hundred and eight patients admitted to a surgical ICU were retrospectively included (1999-2001). A total of 171 cases of VAP were diagnosed on clinical, biological, chest X-ray and BAL results (threshold >/=10(4 )cfu/ml).ResultsThe %IC significantly decreased with the timing of VAP diagnosis: 12.2+/-12.1% for VAP occurring less than 7 days after the initiation of mechanical ventilation, 7.4+/-9.2% for VAP occurring between 7 and 15 days and 4.8+/-6.4% for VAP after 15 days ( p=0.0002), despite the same number of elements and proportion of polymorphonuclear neutrophils in BAL. In addition, a relationship between the %IC and the pathogen responsible for VAP was observed for P. aeruginosa [higher for VAP <7 days than for VAP 7-15 days ( p=0.01) and VAP >15 days ( p=0.006)] and S. aureus [lower for VAP >15 days than VAP 7-15 days ( p=0.04) and VAP <7 days ( p=0.04)]. Furthermore, the %IC in BAL was lower in patients undergoing antimicrobial therapy than in patients without antibiotics ( p=0.04). Three factors were independently associated with the %IC: quantitative culture of BAL (beta=0.42, p<0.0001), ongoing antimicrobial therapy (beta= -0.21, p=0.003) and onset of VAP (beta= -0.17, p=0.01).ConclusionsA relationship between the %IC in BAL, duration of ventilation, quantitative culture of BAL and ongoing antimicrobial therapy has been proved in this study. The %IC for VAP diagnosis may not be accurate in patients with ongoing antibiotics and late onset infections (>7 days).

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