• Massimo Martino, Anna Grazia Recchia, Roberta Fedele, Santo Neri, Iolanda Donatella Vincelli, Tiziana Moscato, Massimo Gentile, and Fortunato Morabito.
• a Hematology, Stem Cell Collection and Transplant Unit, Oncology and Hematology Department , Azienda Ospedaliera BMM , Reggio Calabria , Italy.
• Expert Opin Biol Ther. 2016 Jan 1; 16 (4): 515-34.

IntroductionAutologous Stem Cell Transplantation (ASCT) represents the standard treatment in eligible "de-novo" multiple myeloma (MM) patients.Areas CoveredASCT may be single or tandem, and a single ASCT can be followed by an allogeneic (Allo)-SCT. A systematic review has been conducted to examine the current evidence for the efficacy of using a tandem transplant strategy in MM.Expert OpinionA tandem ASCT approach should be considered for all patients, although the benefit from the second ASCT in patients who are in complete remission or experience a very good partial response should be answered in a clinical trial. Recent results with the new induction regimens indicate that there is a role for tandem ASCT in the presence of adverse cytogenetic abnormalities. Planned AlloSCT after ASCT has not been found to be superior in the majority of studies and is not recommended outside of a clinical trial. However, single or tandem ASCT are both appropriate options and participation in prospective clinical trials should be encouraged to resolve the debate in the era of novel agents for MM.

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