• Krishnan Chakravarthy, Andrew Nava, Paul J Christo, and Kayode Williams.
• Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, 02114, MA, USA. kchakravarthy@mgh.harvard.edu.
• Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2016 Nov 1; 20 (11): 60.

AbstractPeripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) for the treatment of chronic pain has become an increasingly important field in the arena of neuromodulation, given the ongoing advances in electrical neuromodulation technology since 1999 permitting minimally invasive approaches using an percutaneous approach as opposed to implantable systems. Our review aims to provide clinicians with the recent advances and studies in the field, with specific emphasis on clinical data and indications that have been accumulated over the last several years. In addition, we aim to address key basic science studies to further emphasize the importance of translational research outcomes driving clinical management.

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