• Jeffrey M Testani, Jennifer S Hanberg, Susan Cheng, Veena Rao, Chukwuma Onyebeke, Olga Laur, Alexander Kula, Michael Chen, F Perry Wilson, Andrew Darlington, Lavanya Bellumkonda, Daniel Jacoby, W H Wilson Tang, and Chirag R Parikh.
• From the Department of Internal Medicine (J.M.T., M.C., F.P.W., L.B., D.J., C.R.P.) and Program of Applied Translational Research (J.M.T., J.S., S.C., V.R., C.O., O.L., A.K., F.P.W., C.R.P.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Piedmont Heart Institute, Fayetteville, GA (A.D.); and Section of Heart Failure and Cardiac Transplantation, Cleveland Clinic, OH (W.H.W.T.). jeffrey.testani@yale.edu.
• Circ Heart Fail. 2016 Jan 1; 9 (1): e002370.

BackgroundRemoval of excess sodium and fluid is a primary therapeutic objective in acute decompensated heart failure and commonly monitored with fluid balance and weight loss. However, these parameters are frequently inaccurate or not collected and require a delay of several hours after diuretic administration before they are available. Accessible tools for rapid and accurate prediction of diuretic response are needed.Methods And ResultsBased on well-established renal physiological principles, an equation was derived to predict net sodium output using a spot urine sample obtained 1 or 2 hours after loop diuretic administration. This equation was then prospectively validated in 50 acute decompensated heart failure patients using meticulously obtained timed 6-hour urine collections to quantify loop diuretic-induced cumulative sodium output. Poor natriuretic response was defined as a cumulative sodium output of <50 mmol, a threshold that would result in a positive sodium balance with twice-daily diuretic dosing. Following a median dose of 3 mg (2-4 mg) of intravenous bumetanide, 40% of the population had a poor natriuretic response. The correlation between measured and predicted sodium output was excellent (r=0.91; P<0.0001). Poor natriuretic response could be accurately predicted with the sodium prediction equation (area under the curve =0.95, 95% confidence interval 0.89-1.0; P<0.0001). Clinically recorded net fluid output had a weaker correlation (r=0.66; P<0.001) and lesser ability to predict poor natriuretic response (area under the curve =0.76, 95% confidence interval 0.63-0.89; P=0.002).ConclusionsIn patients being treated for acute decompensated heart failure, poor natriuretic response can be predicted soon after diuretic administration with excellent accuracy using a spot urine sample.© 2015 American Heart Association, Inc.

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