• Siyuan Fan, Yan Xu, Haitao Ren, Hongzhi Guan, Feng Feng, Xuehui Gao, Ding Ding, Fang Fang, Guangliang Shan, Tianjia Guan, Yao Zhang, Yi Dai, Ming Yao, Bin Peng, Yicheng Zhu, and Liying Cui.
• Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
• Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2018 Feb 1; 20: 144-152.

BackgroundMyelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)-antibody (ab) disease and AQP4-IgG-positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) can co-exist with anti-NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate) receptor encephalitis (NMDARe).ObjectivesTo characterize MOG-ab disease and AQP4-IgG-positive NMOSD during NMDARe.MethodsWe analyzed all the patients with overlapping MOG-ab disease and NMDARe (MNOS) and patients with AQP4-IgG-positive NMOSD and NMDARe (ANOS) in our hospital and compared those data with data from systematically review of previously published reports.ResultsIn our cohorts, 11.9% patients with MOG-ab disease and 0.6% patients with NMOSD had overlapping NMDARe (P < 0.01). After treatment with steroids and/or intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg), the median modified Rankin Scale (mRS) of the MNOS group decreased significantly during attacks associated with or without NMDARe (P < 0.01 for both), while that of the ANOS group did not (attack: P < 0.05; attack associated with NMDARe: P > 0.05). Analyzed together with previously reported cases, 6% patients with MNOS and 40% patients with ANOS also used rituximab or cyclophosphamide after steroids and/or IVIg (P < 0.05) during attacks associated with NMDARe.ConclusionCompared with NMOSD, MOG-ab disease may more commonly co-exist with NMDARe. MNOS patients respond better to steroids and IVIg than do ANOS patients during attacks associated with NMDARe.Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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