• Alejandro López-Neyra, Lucrecia Suárez, Marta Muñoz, Ana de Blas, Marta Ruiz de Valbuena, María Garriga, Joaquim Calvo, Carmen Ribes, Rosa Girón Moreno, Luis Máiz, David González, Carlos Bousoño, Javier Manzanares, Óscar Pastor, Javier Martínez-Botas, Rosa Del Campo, Rafael Cantón, Garbiñe Roy, Miriam Menacho, David Arroyo, Javier Zamora, Joan B Soriano, and Adelaida Lamas.
• Unidad de Fibrosis Quística. Servicio de Pediatría. Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal. Cª Colmenar Km. 9,1. 28034-Madrid. Spain; Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS). Cª Colmenar Km. 9,1. 28034-Madrid. Spain. Electronic address: alneyra@salud.madrid.org.
• Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids. 2020 Nov 1; 162: 102186.

BackgroundCystic fibrosis (CF) patients have an alteration in fatty acid (FA) metabolism, associated with increased omega-6 and low omega-3 FA. Previous studies on supplementation with omega-3 FA in CF had contradictory results, and to date there is no evidence to recommend routine use of omega-3 supplements in CF patients. We hypothesized that long-term supplementation with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) will have beneficial effects in these patients, by reducing pulmonary, systemic and intestinal inflammation.MethodsThis was a randomized, double-blind, parallel, placebo-controlled trial. CF patients (age >2 months) were randomized to receive a seaweed DHA oil solution (50 mg/Kg/day) or matching placebo for 48 weeks. Primary outcomes were pulmonary (interleukin [IL]-8), systemic (IL-8) and intestinal (calprotectin) inflammatory biomarkers. Secondary outcomes included other pulmonary (IL-1β, IL-6, neutrophil elastase, lactate and calprotectin) and systemic (serum-IL-1β, IL-6) inflammatory biomarkers, as well as clinical outcomes (FEV1, pulmonary exacerbations, antibiotic use, nutritional status and quality of life).ResultsNinety six CF patients, 44 female, age 14.6±11.9 years (48 DHA and 48 placebo) were included. At trial completion, there were no differences in all primary outcomes [serum-IL-8 (p=0.909), respiratory-IL-8 (p=0.384) or fecal calprotectin (p=0.948)], all secondary inflammatory biomarkers, or in any of the clinical outcomes evaluated. There were few adverse events, with similar incidence in both study groups.ConclusionIn this study, long-term DHA supplementation in CF patients was safe, but did not offer any benefit on inflammatory biomarkers, or in clinical outcomes compared with placebo. (NCT01783613).Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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