• Neda Roshanravan, Farhad Seif, Alireza Ostadrahimi, Mahboub Pouraghaei, and Samad Ghaffari.
• Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
• Arch. Med. Res. 2020 Oct 1; 51 (7): 608-612.

AbstractCorona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is rapidly spreading all over the world. Excessive immune responses trigger life-threatening cytokine release syndrome (CRS) which can result in overproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and IL-1β with different pro-inflammatory roles. Anecdotal evidence suggests that the modulation of systemic immune responses may have a potential role in the treatment of patients with COVID-19. Given the importance of the issue and the lack of therapeutic treatment or vaccine; anti-cytokine therapy such as IL-6, TNFα and IL-1 antagonists have been suggested for the alleviation of hyper-inflammation status in these patients. In this mini-review, we addressed the inflammatory pathways of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its relationship with the host cytokine storm. Furthermore, the proposed therapeutic options to reverse hyper-inflammation in infected patients were mentioned.Copyright © 2020 IMSS. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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