• Clément Medrinal, Yann Combret, Guillaume Prieur, Aurora Robledo Quesada, Tristan Bonnevie, Francis Edouard Gravier, Elise Dupuis Lozeron, Eric Frenoy, Olivier Contal, and Bouchra Lamia.
• Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, UPRES EA3830 - GRHV, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), 76000, Rouen, France. medrinal.clement.mk@gmail.com.
• Crit Care. 2018 Apr 27; 22 (1): 110.

BackgroundIn the ICU, out-of-bed rehabilitation is often delayed and in-bed exercises are generally low-intensity. Since the majority of rehabilitation is carried out in bed, it is essential to carry out the exercises that have the highest intensity. The aim of this study was to compare the physiological effects of four common types of bed exercise in intubated, sedated patients confined to bed in the ICU, in order to determine which was the most intensive.MethodsA randomised, single-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial was carried out to evaluate the effects of four bed exercises (passive range of movements (PROM), passive cycle-ergometry, quadriceps electrical stimulation and functional electrical stimulation (FES) cycling) on cardiac output. Each exercise was carried out for ten minutes in ventilated, sedated patients. Cardiac output was recorded using cardiac Doppler ultrasound. The secondary aims were to evaluate right heart function and pulmonary and systemic artery pressures during the exercises, and the microcirculation of the vastus lateralis muscle.ResultsThe results were analysed in 19 patients. FES cycling was the only exercise that increased cardiac output, with a mean increase of 1 L/min (15%). There was a concomitant increase in muscle oxygen uptake, suggesting that muscle work occurred. FES cycling thus constitutes an effective early rehabilitation intervention. No muscle or systemic effects were induced by the passive techniques.ConclusionMost bed exercises were low-intensity and induced low levels of muscle work. FES cycling was the only exercise that increased cardiac output and produced sufficient intensity of muscle work. Longer-term studies of the effect of FES cycling on functional outcomes should be carried out.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02920684 . Registered on 30 September 2016. Prospectively registered.

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