• Spine · May 2009

    A porcine model for progressive thoracic scoliosis.

    • Frank Schwab, Ashish Patel, Virginie Lafage, and Jean-Pierre Farcy.
    • New York University Hospital for Joint Diseases, New York, NY, USA. fschwab@att.net
    • Spine. 2009 May 15; 34 (11): E397-404.

    Study DesignAn IACUC-approved study to create a scoliotic deformity representative of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.ObjectiveThe goal of this study was to develop a reliable porcine scoliosis model and to evaluate the three-dimensional progression of the deformity.Summary Of Background DataOptimal development of nonfusion techniques for treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis requires a reliable large animal model that achieves a progressive three-dimensional (frontal, sagittal, axial) deformity. Limitations in previous work have led our team to the development of a porcine model.MethodsThis IACUC-approved study included 18 Yorkshire pigs, obtained at 11 weeks old. Scoliosis was induced through unilateral posterior ligament tethering of the spine via pedicle screw fixation, and ipsilateral ribcage tethering. Progressive deformity was documented with biweekly radiographs. Frontal, sagittal, and axial modifications were assessed using the Cobb method. Animals were observed until severe deformity (>50 degrees) developed, then killed.ResultsAnimals were observed for a mean 11 weeks. The mean coronal Cobb angle was 25 degrees immediately postoperatively and 55 degrees at 11 weeks. The mean lordosis increased from 4 degrees postoperative to 24 degrees at final follow-up. Apical axial rotation (posterior elements into concavity) increased from 4% postoperative to 27% at 11 weeks. Rate of coronal curve progression was significantly correlated with the initial Cobb index.ConclusionThis study establishes a porcine scoliosis model. With placement of a unilateral ligamentous spinal tether combined with concave ribcage ligament tethering a three-dimensional (frontal, sagittal, and axial) spinal deformity can be obtained. The speed of the progressive deformity leaves significant remaining skeletal growth to assess growth modulating therapies for correction. This work forms the basis for a number of investigative efforts at developing new fusionless therapies for patients suffering from adolescent scoliosis.

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