• C-H Lee, H J Kim, C M Park, K Y Lim, J Y Lee, D J Kim, J H Yeon, S-S Hwang, D-K Kim, S-M Lee, J-J Yim, S-C Yang, C-G Yoo, H S Chung, Y W Kim, S K Han, and Y-S Shim.
• Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
• Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. 2011 Aug 1; 15 (8): 1111-6.

SettingThe impact on patient mortality of combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema (CPFE) compared with emphysema alone has never been investigated.ObjectiveTo elucidate whether CPFE has an impact on overall mortality over that of emphysema alone.DesignWe screened patients who underwent chest computed tomography (CT) scans during the period from 1 January 2001 to 31 December 2005 in a tertiary referral hospital. Patients who had both emphysema and pulmonary fibrosis, thus meeting the inclusion criteria, were defined as CPFE. Controls with emphysema alone who were matched for age, sex and the date of CT scan were randomly selected. Cox proportional regression analysis was performed to verify whether CPFE is associated with increased overall mortality.ResultsWe found 135 CPFE cases. In the multivariable Cox regression stratified by the presence of comorbid malignancy, CPFE had five times higher mortality risk (adjusted HR 5.10, 95%CI 1.75-14.9) in non-malignant cases, and showed a statistically insignificant trend for higher mortality risk (adjusted HR 1.70, 95%CI 0.94-2.51) in the malignant cases after adjusting for forced vital capacity, height and hypertension.ConclusionCPFE is not rare and CPFE patients had a higher overall mortality risk than emphysema-only patients.

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