• Clin Cancer Res · Jun 2008

    ECSA/DPPA2 is an embryo-cancer antigen that is coexpressed with cancer-testis antigens in non-small cell lung cancer.

    • Thomas John, Otavia L Caballero, Suzanne J Svobodová, Alan Kong, Ramon Chua, Judy Browning, Sheila Fortunato, Siddhartha Deb, Melinda Hsu, Craig A Gedye, Ian D Davis, Nasser Altorki, Andrew J Simpson, Yao-Tseng Chen, Marilyn Monk, and Jonathan S Cebon.
    • Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Melbourne Centre for Clinical Sciences, Victoria, Australia.
    • Clin Cancer Res. 2008 Jun 1; 14 (11): 3291-8.

    PurposeCancer cells recapitulate many behaviors of pluripotent embryonic cells such as unlimited proliferation, and the capacity to self-renew and to migrate. Embryo-cancer sequence A (ECSA), later named developmental pluripotency associated-2 (DPPA2), is an embryonic gene initially isolated from pluripotent human preimplantation embryos. We hypothesized that ECSA/DPPA2 would be quiescent in most normal tissues but expressed in cancers and may therefore be a useful target for immunotherapy.Experimental DesignECSA/DPPA2 expression was examined in a panel of normal and tumor tissue by reverse transcription PCR, quantitative real-time PCR, and immunohistochemistry. A panel of 110 non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) were further investigated for the presence of ECSA/DPPA2 transcripts and several cancer testis antigens (CTA). Sera from 104 patients were analyzed for spontaneous ECSA/DPPA2 antibody production by ELISA and Western blot.ResultsECSA/DPPA2 transcripts were limited to normal testis, placenta, bone marrow, thymus, and kidney but expressed in a variety of tumors most notably in 30% of NSCLC. Enrichment for CTAs in ECSA/DPPA2-positive NSCLC was observed. Immunohistochemistry confirmed nuclear and cytoplasmic localization in subpopulations of cells with coexpression of the CTA MAGE-A3. Antibodies to recombinant ECSA/DPPA2 protein were detected in the sera of 4 of 104 patients with NSCLC but not in healthy controls.ConclusionsThe restricted expression in normal tissues, expression in tumors with coexpression of CTAs, and spontaneous immunogenicity indicate that ECSA/DPPA2 is a promising target for antigen-specific immunotherapy in NSCLC.

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