• Ron Keren, Xianqun Luan, Russell Localio, Matt Hall, Lisa McLeod, Dingwei Dai, Rajendu Srivastava, and Pediatric Research in Inpatient Settings (PRIS) Network.
• Division of General Pediatrics, Center for Pediatric Clinical Effectiveness, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. keren@email.chop.edu
• Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2012 Dec 1; 166 (12): 1155-64.

ObjectiveTo use information about prevalence, cost, and variation in resource utilization to prioritize comparative effectiveness research topics in hospital pediatrics.DesignRetrospective analysis of administrative and billing data for hospital encounters.SettingThirty-eight freestanding US children's hospitals from January 1, 2004, through December 31, 2009.ParticipantsChildren hospitalized with conditions that accounted for either 80% of all encounters or 80% of all charges.Main Outcome MeasuresCondition-specific prevalence, total standardized cost, and interhospital variation in mean standardized cost per encounter, measured in 2 ways: (1) intraclass correlation coefficient, which represents the fraction of total variation in standardized costs per encounter due to variation between hospitals; and (2) number of outlier hospitals, defined as having more than 30% of encounters with standardized costs in either the lowest or highest quintile across all encounters.ResultsAmong 495 conditions accounting for 80% of all charges, the 10 most expensive conditions accounted for 36% of all standardized costs. Among the 50 most prevalent and 50 most costly conditions (77 in total), 26 had intraclass correlation coefficients higher than 0.10 and 5 had intraclass correlation coefficients higher than 0.30. For 10 conditions, more than half of the hospitals met outlier hospital criteria. Surgical procedures for hypertrophy of tonsils and adenoids, otitis media, and acute appendicitis without peritonitis were high cost, were high prevalence, and displayed significant variation in interhospital cost per encounter.ConclusionsDetailed administrative and billing data can be used to standardize hospital costs and identify high-priority conditions for comparative effectiveness research--those that are high cost, are high prevalence, and demonstrate high variation in resource utilization.

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