• Mary H Wilde, Hugh F Crean, James M McMahon, Margaret V McDonald, Wan Tang, Judith Brasch, Eileen Fairbanks, Shivani Shah, and Feng Zhang.
• Mary H. Wilde, PhD, RN, is Professor; Hugh F. Crean, PhD, is Assistant Professor Clinical Nursing; and James M. McMahon, PhD, is Associate Professor, School of Nursing, University of Rochester, New York. Margaret V. McDonald, MSW, is Associate Director of Research Studies, The Center for Home Care Policy and Research, Visiting Nurse Service of New York. Wan Tang, PhD, is Research Associate Professor, Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester, New York. Judith Brasch, RN, MS, is Project Nurse; and Eileen Fairbanks, RN, MS, PNP, is Health Project Coordinator, School of Nursing, University of Rochester, New York. Shivani Shah, MPH, is Research Analyst II, The Center for Home Care Policy and Research, Visiting Nurse Service of New York. Feng Zhang, RN, BS, MS, is PhD Student, School of Nursing, University of Rochester, New York.
• Nurs Res. 2016 Mar 1; 65 (2): 97-106.

BackgroundUrinary tract infection and blockage are serious and recurrent challenges for people with long-term indwelling catheters, and these catheter problems cause worry and anxiety when they disrupt normal daily activities.ObjectiveThe goal was to determine whether urinary catheter-related self-management behaviors focusing on fluid intake would mediate fluid intake-related self-efficacy toward decreasing catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) and/or catheter blockage.MethodsThe sample involved data collected from 180 adult community-living, long-term indwelling urinary catheter users. The authors tested a model of fluid intake self-management related to fluid intake self-efficacy for key outcomes of CAUTI and blockage. To account for the large number of zeros in both outcomes, a zero-inflated negative binomial (ZINB) structural equation model was tested.ResultsStructurally, fluid intake self-efficacy was positively associated with fluid intake self-management, suggesting that higher fluid intake self-efficacy predicts more (higher) fluid intake self-management; however, fluid intake self-management was not associated with either the frequency of CAUTIs or the presence or absence of CAUTI. Fluid intake self-efficacy was positively related to fluid intake self-management, and fluid intake self-management predicted less frequency of catheter blockage, but neither fluid intake self-efficacy nor fluid intake self-management predicted the presence or absence of blockage.DiscussionFurther research is needed to better understand determinants of CAUTI in long-term catheter users and factors which might influence or prevent its occurrence. Increased confidence (self-efficacy) and self-management behaviors to promote fluid intake could be of value to long-term urinary catheter users to decrease catheter blockage.

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