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          - Danny Dvir and John Webb.
- University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
- EuroIntervention. 2016 Sep 18; 12 (Y): Y93-6.
 AbstractThere is a growing practice of transcatheter treatment of failed mitral valves after cardiac surgery, including valve-in-valve and valve-in-ring. Although commonly successful, these procedures can be associated with device malposition (including delayed malposition) and elevated post-procedural gradients (especially when performed inside small surgical valves). Valve-in-ring procedures have elevated risks of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction and post-procedural regurgitation. Careful patient selection and meticulous evaluation of patient anatomy and surgical implant characteristics are essential to achieve optimal clinical results with mitral valve-in-valve and valve-in-ring implantation. Notes
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