• Heather A Vallier, Dennis M Super, Timothy A Moore, and John H Wilber.
• Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44109, USA. heathervallier@yahoo.com
• J Orthop Trauma. 2013 Jul 1; 27 (7): 405-12.

ObjectivesWe hypothesized that early definitive management (within 24 hours of injury) of mechanically unstable fractures of the pelvis, acetabulum, femur and spine would reduce complications and shorten length of stay.DesignRetrospective review.SettingLevel 1 trauma center.Patients/Participants1005 skeletally mature patients with Injury Severity Score (ISS) ≥18 with pelvis (n = 259), acetabulum (n = 266), proximal or diaphyseal femur (n = 569), and/or thoracolumbar spine (n = 98) fractures. Chest (n = 447), abdomen (n = 328), and head (n = 155) injuries were present.InterventionDefinitive surgery was within 24 hours in 572 patients and after 24 hours in 433.Main Outcome MeasurementsComplications related to the initial trauma episode included infections, sepsis, pneumonia, deep venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), organ failure, and death.ResultsDays in intensive care unit (ICU) and total hospital stay were lower with early fixation (5.1 ± 8.8 vs. 8.4 ± 11.1 ICU days (P = 0.006); 10.5 ± 9.8 versus 14.3 ± 11.4 total days (P = 0.001), after adjusting for ISS and age. Fewer complications (24.0% vs. 35.8%, P = 0.040), ARDS (1.7% vs. 5.3%, P = 0.048), pneumonia (8.6% vs. 15.2%, P = 0.070), and sepsis (1.7% vs. 5.3%, P = 0.054) occurred with early versus delayed fixation. Logistic regression was used to account for differences in age and ISS between the early and delayed groups. Adjustment for severity of chest injury was included when analyzing pulmonary complications including pneumonia and ARDS.ConclusionsDefinitive fracture management within 24 hours resulted in shorter ICU and hospital stays and fewer complications and ARDS, after adjusting for age and associated injury types and severity. Surgical timing must be determined with consideration of the physiology of the patient and complexity of surgery. Parameters should be established within which it is safe to proceed with fixation. These data will serve as a baseline for comparison with prospective evaluation of such parameters in the future.Level Of EvidenceTherapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

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