• Sarah J Liptrott, Stefano Botti, Francesca Bonifazi, Marco Cioce, Valentina De Cecco, Anna Rita Pesce, Alessandro Caime, Elena Rostagno, Emanuela Samarani, Letizia Galgano, Fabio Ciceri, Laura Orlando, and Gianpaolo Gargiulo.
• IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy.
• Pain Manag Nurs. 2021 Jun 1; 22 (3): 349-355.

BackgroundBone marrow aspiration (BMA) or biopsy is a necessary and frequent procedure for diagnosis and monitoring of hematological diseases. Pharmacological pain management approaches exist; however, previous experience and psychological preparation for BMA may impact pain perception.AimsThis study aimed to explore current practices in procedural pain management for BMA or biopsy.Design/Setting/ParticipantsA cross-sectional internet-based survey was performed by the Nurses Group of the Italian Transplant Group (GITMO). Participants were nurses working in bone marrow transplant centers regularly performing BMA/biopsies.ResultsSixty out of 94 centers receiving the survey responded (63.8%), 47 adult and 13 pediatric centers. The majority of them (75%) provided only verbal information for patient preparation before BMA. . Injected local anesthetics were used in 55.4% of centers, and combined with topical anesthetics in 33.9% of centers. Use of oral anesthetics was rare; however, anxiolytics and benzodiazepines were occasionally used (18.3%, 18.3% respectively). All pediatric centers used deep sedation for the procedure (p < .001), but drug choice depended on anesthetist preference. Ice packs (35.0%) and oral analgesia as required (40.0%) were used for postprocedural pain. Nurses perceived their patients' pain scores as relatively low (3.5 on scale 0-10), but recognized that it was a painful procedure provoking anxiety, and that pain management could be improved.ConclusionsResults revealed the lack of a standardized approach to procedural pain management for BMA in this study sample. Assessing a patient's pain experience is a key component to identifying effective pain management for BMA.Copyright © 2020 American Society for Pain Management Nursing. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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