• Pain Med · Dec 2020

    Repeated Injections of Low-Dose Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) in Healthy Humans Maintain Muscle Pain and Facilitate Ischemic Contraction-Evoked Pain.

    • Line Bay Sørensen, Parisa Gazerani, Kathleen A Sluka, and Thomas Graven-Nielsen.
    • Department of Health Science and technology, Center for Neuroplasticity and Pain (CNAP), Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.
    • Pain Med. 2020 Dec 25; 21 (12): 3488-3498.

    ObjectiveNerve growth factor (NGF) is essential for generating and potentiating pain responses. This double-blinded crossover study assessed NGF-evoked pain in healthy humans after repeated NGF injections in the tibialis anterior (TA) muscle compared with control injections of isotonic saline.SubjectsTwenty healthy subjects participated in two experimental phases; each consisted of seven sessions over 21 days.MethodsAt day 0, day 2, and day 4, a low-dose NGF (1 µg) was injected. Data on daily self-reported muscle pain (using a Likert scale) were collected. Data on pressure pain thresholds (PPTs), pain evoked by nonischemic and ischemic muscle contractions (using a numerical rating scale [NRS]), pressure pain detection (PDT), and pain tolerance thresholds (PTTs) to cuff algometry were recorded before day 0 and at 1, 2, 4, 7, 10, and 21 days after the first injection. Temporal summation of pain (TSP) and conditioned pain modulation (CPM) were recorded to assess central pain mechanisms.ResultsLikert scores remained elevated for 9 days after NGF injection (P<0.05). PPTs at the TA muscle were decreased at day 1 until day 7 after NGF injection compared with day 0 (P=0.05). In subjects presenting with NGF-induced muscle hyperalgesia, pain NRS scores evoked by nonischemic contractions were higher after NGF injection at day 4 and day 7 (P<0.04) compared with the control condition. At all time points, higher pain NRS scores were found with ischemic compared with nonischemic contractions (P<0.05). The pain NRS after ischemic contractions was elevated following prolonged NGF hyperalgesia at day 7 compared with the control condition and day 0 (P<0.04). The PDT, PTT, TSP, and CPM remained unchanged during the period of NGF-induced hyperalgesia.ConclusionsRepeated low-dose NGF injections maintain muscle pain and potentiate pain evoked by ischemic contractions during prolonged NGF hyperalgesia.© The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Academy of Pain Medicine. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

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