• Ludivine Grzelak, Sarah Temmam, Cyril Planchais, Caroline Demeret, Laura Tondeur, Christèle Huon, Florence Guivel-Benhassine, Isabelle Staropoli, Maxime Chazal, Jeremy Dufloo, Delphine Planas, Julian Buchrieser, Maaran Michael Rajah, Remy Robinot, Françoise Porrot, Mélanie Albert, Kuang-Yu Chen, Bernadette Crescenzo-Chaigne, Flora Donati, François Anna, Philippe Souque, Marion Gransagne, Jacques Bellalou, Mireille Nowakowski, Marija Backovic, Lila Bouadma, Lucie Le Fevre, Quentin Le Hingrat, Diane Descamps, Annabelle Pourbaix, Cédric Laouénan, Jade Ghosn, Yazdan Yazdanpanah, Camille Besombes, Nathalie Jolly, Sandrine Pellerin-Fernandes, Olivia Cheny, Marie-Noëlle Ungeheuer, Guillaume Mellon, Pascal Morel, Simon Rolland, Felix A Rey, Sylvie Behillil, Vincent Enouf, Audrey Lemaitre, Marie-Aude Créach, Stephane Petres, Nicolas Escriou, Pierre Charneau, Arnaud Fontanet, Bruno Hoen, Timothée Bruel, Marc Eloit, Hugo Mouquet, Olivier Schwartz, and Sylvie van der Werf.
• Virus and Immunity Unit, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3569, Paris, France.
• Sci Transl Med. 2020 Sep 2; 12 (559).

AbstractIt is of paramount importance to evaluate the prevalence of both asymptomatic and symptomatic cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection and their differing antibody response profiles. Here, we performed a pilot study of four serological assays to assess the amounts of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in serum samples obtained from 491 healthy individuals before the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, 51 individuals hospitalized with COVID-19, 209 suspected cases of COVID-19 with mild symptoms, and 200 healthy blood donors. We used two ELISA assays that recognized the full-length nucleoprotein (N) or trimeric spike (S) protein ectodomain of SARS-CoV-2. In addition, we developed the S-Flow assay that recognized the S protein expressed at the cell surface using flow cytometry, and the luciferase immunoprecipitation system (LIPS) assay that recognized diverse SARS-CoV-2 antigens including the S1 domain and the carboxyl-terminal domain of N by immunoprecipitation. We obtained similar results with the four serological assays. Differences in sensitivity were attributed to the technique and the antigen used. High anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody titers were associated with neutralization activity, which was assessed using infectious SARS-CoV-2 or lentiviral-S pseudotype virus. In hospitalized patients with COVID-19, seroconversion and virus neutralization occurred between 5 and 14 days after symptom onset, confirming previous studies. Seropositivity was detected in 32% of mildly symptomatic individuals within 15 days of symptom onset and in 3% of healthy blood donors. The four antibody assays that we used enabled a broad evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and antibody profiling in different subpopulations within one region.Copyright © 2020 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works.

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