• Graham Ambrose, Ashraf Amlani, and Jane A Buxton.
• Communicable Disease Prevention and Control Services, British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
• BMJ Open. 2016 Jun 21; 6 (6): e011224.

ObjectivesThis study sought to identify factors that may be associated with help-seeking by witnesses during overdoses where naloxone is administered.SettingOverdose events occurred in and were reported from the five regional health authorities across British Columbia, Canada. Naloxone administration forms completed following overdose events were submitted to the British Columbia Take Home Naloxone programme.ParticipantsAll 182 reported naloxone administration events, reported by adult men and women and occurring between 31 August 2012 and 31 March 2015, were considered for inclusion in the analysis. Of these, 18 were excluded: 10 events which were reported by the person who overdosed, and 8 events for which completed forms did not indicate whether or not emergency medical help was sought.Primary And Secondary Outcome MeasuresSeeking emergency medical help (calling 911), as reported by participants, was the sole outcome measure of this analysis.ResultsMedical help was sought (emergency services-911 called) in 89 (54.3%) of 164 overdoses where naloxone was administered. The majority of administration events occurred in private residences (50.6%) and on the street (23.4%), where reported rates of calling 911 were 27.5% and 81.1%, respectively. Overdoses occurring on the street (compared to private residence) were significantly associated with higher odds of calling 911 in multivariate analysis (OR=10.68; 95% CI 2.83 to 51.87; p<0.01), after adjusting for other variables.ConclusionsOverdoses occurring on the street were associated with higher odds of seeking emergency medical help by responders. Further research is needed to determine if sex and stimulant use by the person who overdosed are associated with seeking emergency medical help. The results of this study will inform interventions within the British Columbia Take Home Naloxone programme and other jurisdictions to encourage seeking emergency medical help.Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/

29 keywords...

hide…