• R Bourguiba, L Savey, A Aouba, S Deshayes, O Fain, N Martin-Silva, V Hentgen, A Desdoits, G Grateau, I Giurgea, and S Georgin-Lavialle.
• Service de médecine interne, centre de référence des maladies auto-inflammatoires et des amyloses d'origine inflammatoire (CEREMAIA), Sorbonne université, hôpital Tenon, AP-HP, 20, rue de la Chine, 75020 Paris, France.
• Rev Med Interne. 2021 Jul 1; 42 (7): 459-464.

IntroductionTumor Necrosis Factor Type 1 Receptor Associated Periodic Syndrome (TRAPS) is a rare autosomal dominant autosomal autoinflammatory disease associated with mutations in the TNF type 1 receptor gene (TNFRSF1A). It is characterized by relatively long recurrent febrile seizures with an average duration of 7 days accompanied by arthralgia, myalgia, and usually a rash. In a patient of Mediterranean origin with recurrent fever, familial Mediterranean fever is the first diagnosis to be suspected by argument of frequency.MethodsA retrospective observational study was conducted on patients from Mediterranean origin followed for TRAPS and included in the "Juvenile Inflammatory Rheumatism" (JIR) observational cohort in the national French autoinflammatory center. The age of onset of symptoms, age of diagnosis, number of years of wandering and treatments received were collected for each index case.ResultsNine patients from 6 families of Mediterranean origin were included. A molecular diagnosis confirmed TRAPS in all patients. The median age at diagnosis was 26 years, the mean number of years of wandering was 17 years. The diagnosis of FMF was made first in all patients. AA amyloidosis revealed TRAPS in 2 patients. Colchicine was started without any efficacy in all cases. Five patients were treated with interleukin-1 inhibitory biotherapy with 100% efficacy.ConclusionIn a patient of Mediterranean origin presenting with recurrent febrile abdominal pain of AA amyloidosis, the first diagnosis to be suspected is FMF. Long relapses, dominant transmission, a non-Mediterranean relative, and the ineffectiveness of colchicine should evoke TRAPS.Copyright © 2020 Société Nationale Française de Médecine Interne (SNFMI). Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

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