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- Margaret K Callahan, Raajit Rampal, James J Harding, Virginia M Klimek, Young Rock Chung, Taha Merghoub, Jedd D Wolchok, David B Solit, Neal Rosen, Omar Abdel-Wahab, Ross L Levine, and Paul B Chapman.
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.
- N. Engl. J. Med.. 2012 Dec 13;367(24):2316-21.
AbstractVemurafenib, a selective RAF inhibitor, extends survival among patients with BRAF V600E-mutant melanoma. Vemurafenib inhibits ERK signaling in BRAF V600E-mutant cells but activates ERK signaling in BRAF wild-type cells. This paradoxical activation of ERK signaling is the mechanistic basis for the development of RAS-mutant squamous-cell skin cancers in patients treated with RAF inhibitors. We report the accelerated growth of a previously unsuspected RAS-mutant leukemia in a patient with melanoma who was receiving vemurafenib. Exposure to vemurafenib induced hyperactivation of ERK signaling and proliferation of the leukemic cell population, an effect that was reversed on drug withdrawal.
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