• Hina Panchal, Meghana G Shamsunder, Avraham Sheinin, Clifford C Sheckter, Nicholas L Berlin, Jonas A Nelson, Robert Allen, David Rubin, Jeffrey H Kozlow, and Evan Matros.
• New York, N.Y.; Stanford, Calif.; and Ann Arbor, Mich. From the Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Service, Department of Surgery, and Department of Finance, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University Medical Center; and Section of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Health System.
• Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 2020 Feb 1; 145 (2): 333-339.

BackgroundRates of autologous breast reconstruction are stagnant compared with prosthetic techniques. Insufficient physician payment for microsurgical autologous breast reconstruction is one possible explanation. The payment difference between governmental and commercial payers creates a natural experiment to evaluate its impact on method of reconstruction. This study assessed the influence of physician payment differences for microsurgical autologous breast reconstruction and implants by insurance type on the likelihood of undergoing microsurgical reconstruction.MethodsThe Massachusetts All-Payer Claims Database was queried for women undergoing immediate autologous or implant breast reconstruction from 2010 to 2014. Univariate analyses compared demographic and clinical characteristics between different reconstructive approaches. Logistic regression explored the relative impact of insurance type and physician payments on breast reconstruction modality.ResultsOf the women in this study, 82.7 percent had commercial and 17.3 percent had governmental insurance. Implants were performed in 80 percent of women, whereas 20 percent underwent microsurgical autologous reconstruction. Women with Medicaid versus commercial insurance were less likely to undergo microsurgical reconstruction (16.4 percent versus 20.3 percent; p = 0.063). Commercial insurance, older age, and obesity independently increased the odds of microsurgical reconstruction (p < 0.01). When comparing median physician payments, governmental payers reimbursed 78 percent and 63 percent less than commercial payers for microsurgical reconstruction ($1831 versus $8435) and implants ($1249 versus $3359, respectively). Stratified analysis demonstrated that as physician payment increased, the likelihood of undergoing microsurgical reconstruction increased, independent of insurance type (p < 0.001).ConclusionsWomen with governmental insurance had lower odds of undergoing microsurgical autologous breast reconstruction compared with commercial payers. Regardless of payer, greater reimbursement for microsurgical reconstruction increased the likelihood of microsurgical reconstruction. Current microsurgical autologous breast reconstruction reimbursements may not be commensurate with physician effort when compared to prosthetic techniques.Clinical Question/Level Of EvidenceRisk, II.

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