• Emma Sowden, Muhammad Hossain, Carolyn Chew-Graham, Tom Blakeman, Stephanie Tierney, Ian Wellwood, Francesca Rosa, and Christi Deaton.
• National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) School for Primary Care Research, Centre for Primary Care and Health Services Research, University of Manchester, Manchester.
• Br J Gen Pract. 2020 Dec 1; 70 (701): e880-e889.

BackgroundAbout half of all people with heart failure have heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), in which the heart is stiff. This type of heart failure is more common in older people with a history of hypertension, obesity, and diabetes mellitus. Patients with HFpEF are often managed in primary care, sometimes in collaboration with specialists. Knowledge about how best to manage this growing population is limited, and there is a pressing need to improve care for these patients.AimTo explore clinicians' and patients'/carers' perspectives and experiences about the management of HFpEF to inform the development of an improved model of care.Design And SettingA multiperspective qualitative study involving primary and secondary care settings across the east of England, Greater Manchester, and the West Midlands.MethodSemi-structured interviews and focus groups were conducted. Transcribed data were analysed using framework analysis and informed by the normalisation process theory (NPT).ResultsIn total, 50 patients, nine carers/relatives, and 73 clinicians were recruited. Difficulties with diagnosis, unclear illness perceptions, and management disparity were identified as important factors that may influence management of HFpEF. The NPT construct of coherence reflected what participants expressed about the need to improve the identification, understanding, and awareness of this condition in order to improve care.ConclusionThere is a pressing need to raise the public and clinical profile of HFpEF, develop a clear set of accepted practices concerning its management, and ensure that systems of care are accessible and attuned to the needs of patients with this condition.© British Journal of General Practice 2020.

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