• E Montaigne, F X Petit, A L Gourdier, T Urban, and F Gagnadoux.
• Lunam université, 49933 Angers, France.
• Rev Mal Respir. 2012 Jan 1; 29 (1): 79-83.

IntroductionAtypical mycobacteria and Aspergillus are opportunistic organisms responsible for severe pulmonary diseases whose development is encouraged by the presence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and related immunosuppression.Case ReportsWe report the cases of two patients, both alcoholics with emphysematous COPD, who developed chronic pulmonary aspergillosis following atypical mycobacterial infection. Patient 1 developed chronic necrotising aspergillosis several months after the diagnosis of infection with Mycobacterium avium. Patient 2 developed an aspergilloma several weeks after the diagnosis of infection with Mycobacterium xenopi. The association of these two pathologies presents diagnostic and therapeutic problems that are discussed.ConclusionThe development of Aspergillus pulmonary disease may complicate atypical mycobacterial infections and explain a poor response to treatment. Our two case reports suggest that a systematic search should be made for pulmonary aspergillosis during the follow-up of patients with atypical mycobacterial infection.Copyright © 2011 SPLF. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

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