• Eduard J De Bruin, Francisca J A van Steensel, and Anne Marie Meijer.
• Research Institute of Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
• Sleep. 2016 Aug 1; 39 (8): 1571-81.

Study ObjectivesTo investigate cost-effectiveness of adolescent cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBTI) in group- and Internet-delivered formats, from a societal perspective with a time horizon of 1 y.MethodsCosts and effects data up to 1-y follow-up were obtained from a randomized controlled trial (RCT) comparing Internet CBTI to face-to-face group CBTI. The study was conducted at the laboratory of the Research Institute of Child Development and Education at the University of Amsterdam, and the academic youth mental health care center UvAMinds in Amsterdam. Sixty-two participants meeting Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision criteria for insomnia were randomized to face-to-face group CBTI (GT; n = 31, age = 15.6 y ± 1.8, 71.0% girls) or individual Internet CBTI (IT; n = 31, age = 15.4 y ± 1.5, 83.9% girls). The intervention consisted of six weekly sessions and a 2-mo follow up booster-session of CBTI, consisting of psychoeducation, sleep hygiene, restriction of time in bed, stimulus control, cognitive therapy, and relaxation techniques. GT sessions were held in groups of six to eight adolescents guided by two trained sleep therapists. IT consisted of individual Internet therapy with preprogrammed content similar to GT, and guided by trained sleep therapists.ResultsOutcome measures were subjective sleep efficiency (SE) ≥ 85%, and quality-adjusted life-years (QALY). Analyses were conducted from a societal perspective. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) were calculated using bootstrap sampling, and presented in cost-effectiveness planes. Primary analysis showed costs over 1 y were higher for GT but effects were similar for IT and GT. Bootstrapped ICERs demonstrated there is a high probability of IT being cost-effective compared to GT. Secondary analyses confirmed robustness of results.ConclusionsInternet CBTI is a cost-effective treatment compared to group CBTI for adolescents, although effects were largely similar for both formats. Further studies in a clinical setting are warranted.Clinical Trial RegistrationID: ISRCTN33922163; trial name: Effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy for sleeplessness in adolescents; URL: http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN33922163.© 2016 Associated Professional Sleep Societies, LLC.

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