• Kristin H Gigli, Billie S Davis, Jonathan G Yabes, Chang Chung-Chou H CH Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine. Departments of Bios, Derek C Angus, Tina Batra Hershey, Jennifer R Marin, Grant R Martsolf, and Jeremy M Kahn.
• Clinical Research, Investigation, and Systems Modeling of Acute Illness Center, Department of Critical Care Medicine.
• Pediatrics. 2020 Jul 1; 146 (1).

BackgroundIn 2013, New York introduced regulations mandating that hospitals develop pediatric-specific protocols for sepsis recognition and treatment.MethodsWe used hospital discharge data from 2011 to 2015 to compare changes in pediatric sepsis outcomes in New York and 4 control states: Florida, Massachusetts, Maryland, and New Jersey. We examined the effect of the New York regulations on 30-day in-hospital mortality using a comparative interrupted time-series approach, controlling for patient and hospital characteristics and preregulation temporal trends.ResultsWe studied 9436 children admitted to 237 hospitals. Unadjusted pediatric sepsis mortality decreased in both New York (14.0% to 11.5%) and control states (14.4% to 11.2%). In the primary analysis, there was no significant effect of the regulations on mortality trends (differential quarterly change in mortality in New York compared with control states: -0.96%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: -1.95% to 0.02%; P = .06). However, in a prespecified sensitivity analysis excluding metropolitan New York hospitals that participated in earlier sepsis quality improvement, the regulations were associated with improved mortality trends (differential change: -2.08%; 95% CI: -3.79% to -0.37%; P = .02). The regulations were also associated with improved mortality trends in several prespecified subgroups, including previously healthy children (differential change: -1.36%; 95% CI: -2.62% to -0.09%; P = .04) and children not admitted through the emergency department (differential change: -2.42%; 95% CI: -4.24% to -0.61%; P = .01).ConclusionsImplementation of statewide sepsis regulations was generally associated with improved mortality trends in New York State, particularly in prespecified subpopulations of patients, suggesting that the regulations were successful in affecting sepsis outcomes.Copyright © 2020 by the American Academy of Pediatrics.

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