• Current oncology reports · Jun 2020

    Review

    Gut Microbiome Modulation Via Fecal Microbiota Transplant to Augment Immunotherapy in Patients with Melanoma or Other Cancers.

    • Jennifer L McQuade, Gabriel O Ologun, Reetakshi Arora, and Jennifer A Wargo.
    • Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Unit 0430, Houston, 77030, TX, USA. JMcQuade@mdanderson.org.
    • Curr Oncol Rep. 2020 Jun 24; 22 (7): 74.

    Purpose Of ReviewWe review emerging evidence regarding the impact of gut microbes on antitumor immunity, and ongoing efforts to translate this in clinical trials.Recent FindingsPre-clinical models and human cohort studies support a role for gut microbes in modulating overall immunity and immunotherapy response, and numerous trials are now underway exploring strategies to modulate gut microbes to enhance responses to cancer therapy. This includes the use of fecal microbiota transplant (FMT), which is being used to treat patients with Clostridium difficile infection among other non-cancer indications. The use of FMT is now being extended to modulate gut microbes in patients being treated with cancer immunotherapy, with the goal of enhancing responses and/or to ameliorate toxicity. However, significant complexities exist with such an approach and will be discussed herein. Data from ongoing studies of FMT in cancer will provide critical insights for optimization of this approach.

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