• Nadia Hernandez, Grace Guvernator, George Ansoanuur, Michelle Ge, Precious Tabansi, Thanh-Thuy Le, Salameh S Obeidat, and Johanna de Haan.
• Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Regional Anesthesiology and Acute Pain Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
• Local Reg Anesth. 2020 Jan 1; 13: 49-55.

AbstractIntractable headaches can be debilitating, often leading to significant distress, prolonged medical treatment, and unanticipated hospital admissions. There have been significant advances in the treatment of primary intractable headaches such as migraines, tension headaches, and cluster headaches beyond medical management. Treatments may now include interventional strategies such as trigger-point injections, peripheral nerve stimulators, or peripheral nerve and ganglion blocks. There are few studies, however, describing the use of interventional techniques for the management of intractable secondary headaches, including those attributed to injury or infection. A new regional anesthetic technique, the erector spinae plane (ESP) block, was initially used for neuropathic thoracic pain. ESP block has since been reported to provide acute and chronic pain relief of the shoulder, spine, abdomen, pelvis, thorax, and lower extremity. Additionally, there has been one case report to describe the use of the ESP block in the treatment of refractory tension headache. We report four cases of effective analgesia for intractable secondary headache resistant to medical management with high thoracic ESP blocks. In each case, the ESP block provided instant pain relief. We suggest that the findings of this case series indicate that the ESP block may be a useful intervention in patients with severe secondary headache or posterior cervical pain where conventional therapies have limited success, though more studies are necessary.© 2020 Hernandez et al.

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