• Jibo He, Jason S McCarley, Kirsten Crager, Murtuza Jadliwala, Lesheng Hua, and Huang Sheng S USee Eye-Tracking Technology Company, Beijing, 100871, China..
• School of Education, Laboratory of Cognition and Mental Health, Chongqing University of Arts and Science, Yongchuan, Chongqing, China; Department of Psychology, Wichita State University, Wichita, KS 67260, USA. Electronic address: jibo.he@wichita.edu.
• Appl Ergon. 2018 Jul 1; 70: 156-166.

BackgroundHead-up and wearable displays, such as Google Glass™, are sometimes marketed as safe in-vehicle alternatives to phone-based displays, as they allow drivers to receive messages without eye-off-the-road glances. However, head-up displays can still compromise driver performance (e.g., He et al., 2015b), as the distracting effect of interacting with any device will depend on the user's multitasking strategies. The present experiment examined drivers' interaction with a head-down smartphone display and a wearable head-up display.MethodParticipants performed a simulated driving task while receiving and responding to text messages via smartphone or the head-mounted display (HMD) on the Google Glass™. Incoming messages were signaled by an auditory alert, and responses were made vocally.ResultsWhen using Google Glass, participants' responses were quicker than that of smartphone, and the time to engage in a task did not vary according to lane-keeping difficulty. Results suggest that a willingness to engage more readily in distracting tasks may offset the potential safety benefits of wearable devices.Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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