• Tuangrat Phodha, Arthorn Riewpaiboon, Kumthorn Malathum, and Peter C Coyte.
• a Division of Social, Economic and Administrative Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy , Mahidol University , Bangkok , Thailand.
• Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res. 2019 Jun 1; 19 (3): 305-312.

AbstractBackground - Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major health threat worldwide as it brings about poorer outcomes and places economic burdens to society. This study aims to estimate the economic burdens from nosocomial infections (NI) caused by multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacteria in Thailand. Research design and methods - A retrospective cohort study was conducted at a tertiary hospital over 2011-2012. A multivariate log-linear regression model was used to estimate the excess treatment costs of AMR to those non-AMR patients. Results - Switching from a non-AMR case to an AMR infection case, resulted in 42% increase in expected average treatment costs per patient. The annual treatment from hospital perspective and antibiotic costs associated with the management of AMR infections were estimated to be US$ 2.3 billion and US$ 262 million, respectively. The estimated annual benefit from eradicating AMR NI were US$ 4.2 billion from a societal perspective with the annual gains in quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) of 0.6 million due to the absence of 111,295 AMR cases each year. Conclusions - Large amount of money was spent on treatment and antibiotic costs to manage AMR infections. Benefit of eliminating these infections was estimated and it would be highly cost-effective.

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