• S Morax and D Pascal.
• J Fr Ophtalmol. 1985 Jan 1; 8 (3): 227-37.

AbstractFunctional and cosmetic ophthalmic complications of Graves' disease are exophthalmos, eyelid retraction and oculomotor disturbances. This paper describes and takes over the surgical procedures used when these complications are associated. In severe exophthalmos, we used an orbital decompression of the orbital floor sometimes combined with the medial wall by an anterior approach. In eyelid retraction, we perform a recession of the levator muscle with scleral graft implantation. In incomitant strabismus, surgery is usually limited to recessions of the involved muscles, most of the surgery is directed to the inferior rectus and medial rectus, as these are the most commonly affected muscles. The indications depend on the status of the patient at the time of referral. For severe exophthalmos with true retraction of the upper eyelid, we begin at the first stage by treatment of the retraction and if it is not sufficient, we perform an orbital decompression at the second stage. For severe exophthalmos with oculomotor disturbances, we perform at the first stage the orbital decompression and at the second stage the strabismus surgery. For oculomotor disturbances with eyelid retraction, we perform the strabismus surgery at the first stage and the eyelid retraction at the second stage. When there is the association of exophthalmos, eyelid retraction and oculomotor disturbances, the indication and the choice of treatment are difficult and depend on numerous factors. If an orbital decompression is indicated, it will be done first, followed by the strabismus surgery and at a later stage, the eyelid retraction. If only the eyelid retraction is treated, it will be done after the strabismus surgery. The chronology of the treatment depends on the modification we observed on the other components of the ophthalmopathy when one stage treatment is performed on one component: for example orbital decompression can modify the oculomotor disturbance and oculomotor surgery can modify eyelid retraction.

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