• Respirology · Jan 2019

    Risk factors for pleural effusion recurrence in patients with malignancy.

    • Horiana B Grosu, Sofia Molina, Roberto Casal, Juhee Song, Liang Li, Javier Diaz-Mendoza, Chakravarthy Reddy, Lonny Yarmus, Dante Schiavo, Michael Simoff, Jared Johnstun, Abu-Awwad Raid, David Feller-Kopman, Hans Lee, Sarina Sahetya, Finbar Foley, Fabien Maldonado, Xin Tian, Laila Noor, Russell Miller, Lakshmi Mudambi, Timothy Saettele, Macarena Vial-Rodriguez, Gerogie A Eapen, and David E Ost.
    • Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
    • Respirology. 2019 Jan 1; 24 (1): 76-82.

    Background And ObjectiveThe main purpose of treatment in patients with malignant pleural effusion (MPE) is symptom palliation. Currently, patients undergo repeat thoracenteses prior to receiving a definitive procedure as clinicians are not aware of the risk factors associated with fluid recurrence. The primary objective of this study was to identify risk factors associated with recurrent symptomatic MPE.MethodsRetrospective multicentre cohort study of patients who underwent first thoracentesis was performed. The primary outcome was time to fluid recurrence requiring intervention in patients with evidence of metastatic disease. We used a cause-specific hazard model to identify risk factors associated with fluid recurrence. We also developed a predictive model, utilizing Fine-Gray subdistribution hazard model, and externally validated the model.ResultsA total of 988 patients with diagnosed metastatic disease were included. Cumulative incidence of recurrence was high with 30% of patients recurring by day 15. On multivariate analysis, size of the effusion on chest X-ray (up to the top of the cardiac silhouette (hazard ratio (HR): 1.84, 95% CI: 1.21-2.80, P = 0.004) and above the cardiac silhouette (HR: 2.22, 95% CI: 1.43-3.46, P = 0.0004)), larger amount of pleural fluid drained (HR: 1.06, 95% CI: 1.04-1.07, P < 0.0001) and higher pleural fluid LDH (HR: 1.008, 95% CI: 1.004-1.011, P < 0.0001) were associated with increased hazard of recurrence. Negative cytology (HR: 0.52, 95% CI: 0.43-0.64, P < 0.0001) was associated with decreased hazard of recurrence. The model had low prediction accuracy.ConclusionPleural effusion size, amount of pleural fluid drained, LDH and pleural fluid cytology were found to be risk factors for recurrence.© 2018 Asian Pacific Society of Respirology.

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