• Emre Altintas, Tuncer Bahceci, Ali Furkan Batur, Mehmet Kaynar, Ozcan Kilic, Murat Akand, Serdar Goktas, and Murat Gul.
• Department of Urology, Akcakale State Hospital, Sanliurfa, Turkey.
• Int. J. Clin. Pract. 2021 Apr 1; 75 (4): e13862.

AimsTo evaluate the awareness of the use of fluoroscopy in endourological procedures, as well as the theoretical and practical applications of preventive measures.Material And MethodBetween May 2018 and April 2019, a 26-question survey prepared using Google Docs was sent to urologists via email. Personal information, radiation training and behaviours related to radiation and fluoroscopy usage, and the use of protective equipment were queried.ResultsA total of 226 participants fully completed and returned the email survey. Of the 226 participants, 78 (34.5%) were academics, 44 (19.4%) were residents while 104 (46.1%) were experts. More than 60% of the participants stated that they participated in the operation requiring less than five fluoroscopy use per week. The majority of operations requiring fluoroscopy consisted of endourological procedures. The lead apron was used by 93% of the participants, but the use of protective glasses and gloves was very low (3.5%). The majority of academicians, experts and residents did not use dosimeters (76.9%, 82.7% and 81.8%, respectively). More than 50% of the participants did not have literature information about the harmful effects of radiation with the use of fluoroscopy. The most common complaints on the day of fluoroscopy were fatigue and headache.ConclusionThe lack of information regarding the radiation protection measures and harmful effects of radiation is common among urologists in Turkey. Therefore, systematic training programs on fluoroscopy use and radiation exposure should be provided during urology residency.© 2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

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