• Shuangqiong Zhou, Yao Zhou, Xiuhong Cao, Xiu Ni, Weijia Du, Zhendong Xu, and Zhiqiang Liu.
• From the Department of Anaesthesiology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
• Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2021 Oct 1; 38 (10): 1052-1058.

BackgroundHigh-flow nasal oxygenation (HFNO) for pre-oxygenation in rapid sequence induction (RSI) has only been assessed in volunteer parturients without intubation.ObjectivesTo evaluate the efficacy of HFNO in comparison with the conventional facemask for oxygenation during RSI for caesarean section under general anaesthesia.SettingOperating room in a tertiary hospital.DesignProspective randomised, controlled study.ParticipantsThirty-four healthy parturients undergoing general anaesthesia for caesarean section.InterventionsParturients were randomly assigned to HFNO or standard facemask (SFM) group.Main Outcome MeasuresThe primary outcome measure was the PaO2 immediately after intubation. Secondary outcomes included lowest saturation throughout the intubation procedure, end-tidal oxygen concentration (EtO2) on commencing ventilation, blood gas analysis (pH, PaCO2), fetal outcomes and intubation-related adverse events.ResultsPaO2 in the HFNO group was significantly higher than that in SFM group (441.41 ± 46.73 mmHg versus 328.71 ± 72.80 mmHg, P < 0.0001). The EtO2 concentration in the HFNO group was higher than that in the SFM group (86.71 ± 4.12% versus 76.94 ± 7.74%, P < 0.0001). Compared to baseline, PaCO2 immediately after intubation also increased significantly in both groups (HFNO group: 30.87 ± 2.50 mmHg versus 38.28 ± 3.18 mmHg; SFM group: 29.82 ± 2.57 mmHg versus 38.05 ± 5.76 mmHg, P < 0.0001), but there was no difference in PaCO2 between the two groups. There was no difference in lowest saturation, intubation times, duration of apnoea, pH value or fetal outcomes.ConclusionsCompared with SFM, HFNO provided a higher PaO2 and EtO2 immediately after intubation in parturients. HFNO is safe as a method of oxygenation during RSI in parturients undergoing general anaesthesia for caesarean section.Trial RegistrationClinical trial ChiCTR1900023121.Copyright © 2020 European Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care. Unauthorized reproduction of this article is prohibited.

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