• Se Hyun Kwak, Ji Soo Choi, Eun Hye Lee, Su Hwan Lee, Ah Young Leem, Sang Hoon Lee, Song Yee Kim, Kyung Soo Chung, Eun Young Kim, Ji Ye Jung, Moo Suk Park, Young Sam Kim, Joon Chang, and Young Ae Kang.
• Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
• Yonsei Med. J. 2020 Dec 1; 61 (12): 1034-1041.

PurposeIsoniazid (INH) mono-resistant tuberculosis (Hr-TB) is a highly prevalent type of drug-resistant TB, possibly associated with unfavorable treatment outcomes. However, definitive guidelines on an optimal treatment regimen and duration for Hr-TB are currently under discussion. We evaluated the characteristics and treatment outcomes of Hr-TB patients.Materials And MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the medical records of Hr-TB patients treated at a South Korean tertiary referral hospital from January 2005 to December 2018.ResultsWe included 195 Hr-TB patients. 113 (57.9%) were male, and the median age was 56.6 [interquartile range, 40.2-68.6] years. Mutations in katG were the most frequent [54 (56.3%)], followed by those in the inhA [34 (35.4%)]. Favorable and unfavorable outcomes were noted in 164 (84.1%) and 31 (15.9%) patients, respectively. Smoking history [odds ratio (OR)=5.606, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.695-18.543, p=0.005], low albumin level (OR=0.246, 95% CI: 0.104-0.578, p=0.001), and positive acid-fast bacilli culture at 2 months (OR=7.853, 95% CI: 1.246-49.506, p=0.028) were associated with unfavorable outcomes.ConclusionA tailored strategy targeting high-risk patients is imperative for improved treatment outcomes. Further research on the rapid and accurate detection of resistance to INH and other companion drugs is warranted.© Copyright: Yonsei University College of Medicine 2020.

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