• Xue Peng and Hongjing Wang.
• Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China.
• Medicine (Baltimore). 2020 Dec 4; 99 (49): e22474.

IntroductionOvarian large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC), or ovarian non-small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma, which is a newly described tumour in the classification of primary ovarian neoplasms by the World Health Organization, is a rare entity that is frequently associated with a surface epithelial and germ cell neoplasm component. Few cases have been reported in the literature, and only 18 primary pure ovarian LCNEC cases have been reported so far, including our 1 case. Ovarian LCNEC is a highly aggressive tumor with a poor prognosis even at an early stage.Patient ConcernsWe report a case of a 55-year-old postmenopausal woman who complained of abdominal pain. CT examination revealed a mass in the right adnexial region and CA125 level was elevated.DiagnosisShe underwent a exploratory laparotomy, and diagnosed as LCNEC histopathologically.InterventionsCytoreductive surgery was administered to the patient, and had accepted 5 cycles of chemotherapy consisting of paclitaxel and cisplatin.OutcomesFollow-up for 12 months showed no clinical or radiological evidence of disease recurrence.ConclusionThis case is 1 of the ovarian LCNEC which is a rare and extremely malignant tumor. Diagnosis requires histopathology and immunohistochemistry. The treatment includes primary cytoreductive surgery followed by chemotherapy.

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