• Peter Kranke, Patrick Meybohm, Pierre Diemunsch, and Eberhart Leopold H J LHJ Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Philipps-University Marburg, Germany..
• Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, University Hospitals of Wuerzburg, Germany. Electronic address: kranke_p@ukw.de.
• Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol. 2020 Dec 1; 34 (4): 721-734.

AbstractThe issue of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) remains important in surgical practice, contributing to patient distress, slower recovery, and increased use of healthcare resources. Many surgical patients report it to be a worse problem than pain. Numerous findings of research indicate that PONV significantly affects patients' well-being and is among the important determinants of patient satisfaction with perioperative care. Numerous investigations have confirmed the efficacy of combining pharmacological interventions indicating that PONV is a clinical complication that is in principle avoidable. Nonetheless, PONV continues to be bothersome for too many patients. Thus, perhaps the biggest challenge across the field is to achieve a uniformly high standard of PONV management using the currently available resources. Although a risk-adapted approach has been advocated in the past, the current trend incorporated in clinical guidelines support a more liberal approach of multimodal antiemetic prevention. The current article emphasizes pros and cons of the various approaches to PONV prophylaxis and depicts most promising strategies to achieve a "PONV-free hospital."Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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